Equestrian Government.

By Decree of the Solar and Lunar Crowns. This document shall reveal the full government system of Equestria.

The Equestrian Government is composed of two branches. The Executive-Judicial Branch and the Legislative Branch, which is formed by the Equestrian Precepts, the constitution of the Government of Equestria.

While many may think Executive and Judicial are one in the same, it is in fact, quite distinct from each other. The Princess of Harmony, Princess Sol de Celeste also known as Princess Celestia and Princes Umbra de Luna also known as Princess Luna lead the executive branch. There jobs are to enforce the law of the land the Equestrian Precepts which is the written document in which the government is formed by. They have veto powers that they both must agree when a bill is brought to them. If one were to sign and another were to veto, the bill will go into law. If they both veto, the Legislative branch, called the House of Nobles, can vote and if 3/4's of them say yes, the bill is passed into law. Powers of the Executive Branch are shared between Celestia and Luna with Celestia having power to declare war and make alliances with other nations. In turn, Luna has power over internal affairs, such as intelligence and investigation via the Guards of the Dark Moon, also known as the Night Guards. During peacetime, Princess Celestia is the Head Commandra of the military forces, focusing on defense and border control. During wartime, Princess Luna takes over and leads the military in offense and defense. The Royal Guards are a highly honored military unit that focuses on protecting the crown. Though they technically serve to protect the crown and not the ponies of Equestria, Celestia has pushed them since their formation to focusing on serving the ponies, to the point that they have full Jurisdiction of Canterlot and act as the capital's police force. As well, the Princesses have power to initiate martial law, again with Celestia during peacetime and Luna during wartime, as it also the initiation of conscription, though the later is usually but not necessarily under Legislative Approval. There is no suspension of Habeas Corpus, as detailed by the Equestrian Precepts.

The Judicial Branch is also headed by the Princesses of Harmony, but is delegated down to six appointed judges called the Underthrone Judges. They interpret the law and review laws against the Equestrian Precepts. The Underthrone Judges are there for life or if the Princesses see fit to honorably or dishonorably drop them. Under article 2574, called the Harmony Ruling, the judges must be an equal ratio of Unicorns, Earth Ponies, and Pegasi. While technically the princesses are the Supreme Judges, they delegate their powers down to the Underthrone while being able to take them back when they see fit. For example, most laws are reviewed by the Underthrone but any controversial or serious law is reviewed directly by the Princesses of Harmony. Below the Underthrone, Equestria is separated into Federal Districts that have their own systems that communicate upwards to the Underthrone Judges.

The Legislative Branch is the most well known and commonly seen branch in news. It consists of two parts, the Upper Nobles and the Lower Nobles. Together, they create laws of Equestria and defer budgeting to appropriate needs. The Upper Nobles consists of ponies who can trace their bloodline back to the ruling families of the three tribes. They are appointed by peers and there is a fixed seat amount. If an Upper Noblepony is convicted of a crime and goes to trial by jury, his peers shall be consisting of his fellow Nobleponies. The amount of seats available must contain an equal ratio of Unicorns, Earth Ponies, and Pegasi. The Lower Nobles consist of titled ponies who have earned their titles through serving as an officer in the armed forces of Equestria, actions of the nation, or for advancing the Equinities. They are elected by the general population of Equestria and the amount of seats available is dependent on the population of Equestria. One can also run for a Lower Noble seat if he or she is an immediate family member of a titled pony. Titles are bestowed upon by the Princesses of Harmony. For example, the six Elements of Harmony are titled ponies and are legible for running, as is the Captain of the Guard, Shining Armor, and Filthy Rich, who helped advance Equestria's Economy.

The Military of Equestria:
The Equestrian Precepts guaranteeing an organized military of Equestria and has its own system, under control of one of the two Princesses.
The General Infantry, consisting of all the races, make up the bulk of Equestrian forces. They focus on land warfare and and ferocious. The Pegasi Air Group is the air force of Equestria. Entirely Pegasi, they were born from the military of the former Pegasi Nation and have an ample amount of volunteers. The third force is the Arcane College, which consists of magically inclined unicorns. They are the smallest but one of the most powerful forces out of the three forces ever to be conceived.

Smaller Forces -

The Royal Guard is a special small defensive force created to serve and protect the crown. They are also the sole policing force of Canterlot. The Royal Guards are tasked with protecting all foreign diplomats within Equestria. The crown can detach a portion of the Royal Guard to any portion of Equestria, where they gain jurisdiction of the immediate area they are assigned to, though it is only temporary.

The State Militia is the national police force that enforces the law across all of Equestria, except for Canterlot. They break themselves down to each Federal District and further down to municipals. A municipal force can have jurisdiction over a few towns, for example. While the district forces have the whole federal district. In turn, the State Milita is for all of Equestria, excluding the capital, Canterlot.

The Guard of the Dark Moon, also known as the Night Guard is a newly revived guard created my Princess Luna upon her return. They consist of pegasi born with the rare, Nocturnus gene, a special mutation that gives them leathery bat wings, nocturnal pupils, and the vestigial canines found in all ponies are grown fully out, adding to their nocturnal appearance. The Night Guard focuses on espionage, intelligence communication, and surgical strikes during wartime. During peacetime, they are under the command of Luna, an exception to the normal Celestia peacetime rule, and are usually employed as her own guard force that focuses on stopping certain and dangerous individuals.

Thanks to Doc_Sparks for helping.